.

Sectoral Policies:

Agriculture and livestock policy, 1997 
Child Development Policy 
Community Development Policy 
Cooperative development policy, 1997 
Education and Training Policy / 
Employment Policy
The Energy Policy
The food and nutrition policy 
National Irrigation Policy
Industrial Policy 
Local Government Reform Programme : 
The Mineral Policy of Tanzania 
National Beekeeping Policy 
The National Employment Policy
National Environmental Policy 
National Fisheries Sector Policy
National Forest Policy 
National Health Policy 
National Higher Education Policy 
National Human Settlements Development Policy 
The national investment promotion policy 
National Land Policy 
National Micro-Finance Policy 
The national poverty eradication strategy 
National Programme for the Implementation of the National Population Policy 
The National Science and Technology Policy
National Telecommunication Policy 
National Tourism Policy 
The National Women and Gender Development Policy
National youth development policy 
Policy on women in development in Tanzania 
Sera ya Maendeleo ya Michezo
Sera ya Maendeleo ya Ushirika, 1997 
Sera ya Taifa ya Maendeleo ya Vijana 
Sera ya utalii 
Sustainable Industrial Development Policy 
 

 

Livestock Policy

The policy aims at promoting the livestock industry so as to increase production and productivity to ensure that the nation achieves a per capita consumption of beef of 4.83 kg. per annum by the year 2005 (increase by 39%).  This will enhance farmers' income, production of hides and exports of both live animals and other products.  

Strategies to improve the livestock industry:

§         Private sector is encouraged to participate in promotion of community-based management of livestock infrastructure; grazing lands, dips and range development.  

§         Strengthening extension services and research by both government and private sector participation.  

§         Encourage the pastoral communities to form savings and credit institutions such as saving, and credit societies, trust funds and rural banks and work with pastoral communities and develop appropriate credit systems.

§         Establishment of livestock associations in the pastoral areas to enhance their bargaining and purchasing power in the supply of inputs, organizing the market of products and dissemination of new technology.  

§         Private sector will be encouraged to participate in processing and export of livestock products and livestock surpluses.  

§         Provision of marketing information by the government and on potential import markets.

More: www.tzonline.or.tz

The Health Policy

Health Policy (1990) objectives are:

The overall objective of the health policy in Tanzania is to improve the health and well-being of all Tanzanians, with a focus on those most at risk and to encourage the health system to be more responsive to the needs of the people:

Reduce infant and maternal morbidity and increase life expectancy through the provision of adequate and equitable maternal and child health services, promotion of adequate nutrition, control of communicable diseases and treatment of common conditions;

Ensure that health services are available and accessible to all urban and rural areas;

Move towards self sufficient in manpower by training all the cadres required at all levels from village to national level.

Sensitise the community on common preventable health problems.

Promote awareness in government and the community of large that health problems can only be adequately solved through multi-sectoral cooperation.

Great awareness through family health promotion that the responsibility for ones health rests squarely with the able-bodied individual as an integral part of the family.

These objectives have to be achieved through  Primary Health Care (PHC) which is the central element of health promotion aiming at coordinated action by all concerned e.g. health and health related sectors local authorities, industry non-governmental and voluntary agencies, the media and the community at large.

Other policies:

Drug Policy

Nutrition Policy

Science and Technology Policy

Policy will be on this page soon

Tourism Policy

Policy will be on this page soon

Internal Trade Policy

Policy will be on this page soon

Agricultural Policy

Agriculture Policy of 1997 recognizes the need to improve agri-technics and agriculture practices, to enhance the agriculture activities for higher productivity.  And therefore labour-augmenting technologies is a key to agricultural development.  As a policy, the government will establish effective information system on farm implements, machinery and equipment.  The private sector will be encouraged to establish and run the tractor hire centres, own and run training centres.  The government will provide extension service and regulatory services.  Agricultural mechanization is to ensure that farmers at all levels of production are knowledgeable about, have access, can choose and appropriately utilize sources of farm power, implements and machinery for mechanization.

 

Agricultural Information and Marketing of Inputs and Outputs:

The Agricultural Information and Services section will improve data collection at national, regional and district levels, coordinate information services within the Ministry and with other agencies.  Also analyse, interpret and disseminate such information to users.

To establish an effective information system in order to  inform traders, livestock keepers and farmers about supply shortage and availability and prices.  

Agricultural information is available in all departments of the Ministry and at the National Bureau of Statistics, Bank of Tanzania and Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre.

Agricultural Input Trust Fund is available for facilitating the stockiest in importing and distributing the agricultural inputs.

The marketing systems of both agricultural and livestock commodities and inputs have been liberalized.  Government role is confined to provision of market information and monitoring market performance through regulatory mechanisms.  The private sector is very much encouraged to participate in marketing of agricultural inputs and outputs.

 The government will provide extension service and regulatory services.

Policy Objectives:

§         To assure basic food security to the nation and increase nutritional standards.

§         Production growth rates of food crops and livestock products should be at least 4% and 5% per annum respectively.  

§         To improve standards of living in rural areas through increased income from Agriculture and livestock.  

§         To increase foreign exchange earnings for the nation by increased production and exportation of cash crops.  

§         To produce and supply raw materials to local Industries both from crops and livestock.  

§         To develop and introduce new technologies so as to increase the productivity and labour and land.  

§         To promote integrated and sustainable use and management of natural resources.  

§         To develop human resources within the sector in order to increase the productivity of labour.  

§         To provide support services to Agricultural Sector, which cannot be provided efficiently by the private sector.  

§         To promote specifically the access of women and Youth to land, credit, education and information.  

 

Policy Strategies:

§         The Agricultural Policy is guided with the following instruments to enable the nation to realize the objectives.

§         Agricultural research, extension and training

§         Monitoring and evaluation of Agricultural development and identification of new opportunities (products), technologies, markets, and promotion of new production processes.

§         Collection and dissemination of market information in order to integrate the domestic markets and make foreign markets accessible

§         Facilitate the provision of a good infrastructure especially transport and storage.

§         Control of quality, hygiene and sanitary standards.

§         Control of Vernon, epidemic pests and diseases.

§         Providing an adequate legal and regulatory framework

§         Natural resource management

§         Promotion of institutional structures in the agricultural sector;

§         Taxes and subsidies.

 

Women development Policy

Community Development Policy:

The policy gives guidelines on how communities will be helped to build their capacity to implement their responsibilities.  The policy also states clearly the responsibilities of different concerned parties in speeding up community development in the country.

 

The major objective of the Community Development policy is to enable Tanzanians as an individuals or in their families and/or groups or Associations to contribute more to the government objectives of self reliance and therefore bring about development at all levels and finally have a remarkable nation growth.

 

Child Development Policy:

The development of a child is related to his/her physical, intellectual, moral and spiritual growth.  In order for a child to grow well she/he needs to be cared for, given guidance and brought up in accordance with the norms of the community.

 

Objectives are:

  • To educate, direct and provide guidance to the community on the basic rights of child and child survival, protection and development.  

  • To enable the community to understand the source of problems facing children and provide directions on the up bringing of children in difficult circumstances.

  • To clarify the role and responsibilities of children parents, guardians, community, institutions and the government in planning, coordinating and implementing plans for children so that children may become good citizens.

  • To ensure that there are laws which can be used to deal with child abuse.

Gender and Development Policy:

The Gender and Development policy’s overall objective is to promote gender equality and equal participation of men an women in economic, cultural and political matters.  Also focuses on - fairer opportunities for women and men and access to education, child care, employment and decision making.

Environmental Policy
1.0 Overall Policy Objectives
1.1 The policy document seeks to provide the framework for making fundamental changes that are needed to bring environmental considerations into the mainstream of decision making in Tanzania. It seeks to provide policy guidelines, plans and give guidance to the determination of priority actions, and provides for monitoring and regular review of policies, plans and programmes. It further provides for sectoral and cross-sectoral policy analysis in order to achieve compatibility among sectors and interest groups and exploit synergies among them. 

1.2 The overall objectives of the National Environmental Policy are therefore the following:

(a) to ensure sustainability, security and equitable use of resources for meeting the basic need of the present and future generations without degrading the environment or risking health or safety;

(b) to prevent and control degradation of land, water, vegetation, and air which constitute our life support systems; 

(c) to conserve and enhance our natural and man-made heritage, including the biological diversity of the unique ecosystems of Tanzania;

(d) to improve the condition and productivity degraded areas including rural and urban settlements in order that all Tanzanians may live in safe, healthful, productive and aesthetically pleasing surroundings; 

(e) to raise public awareness and understanding of the essential linkages between environment and development, and to promote individual and community participation in the environmental action;

(f) to promote international cooperation on the environment agenda, and expand our participation and contribution to relevant bilateral, sub-regional, regional, and global organizations and programs, including implementation of treaties.

The National Environment Action Plan (1994) and The National Environmental Policy (1997) identify land degradation, lack of access to good water, pollution, loss of wildlife habitats and biodiversity, the deterioration of aquatic systems and deforestation as factors associated with the current environmental problems. Activities such as deforestation and extensive agricultural practices reduce the vegetal capital stock, the water retention capacity of land and increase erosion. Protected areas have recently been encroached upon for farming and settlement. Overgrazing ground fires and felling of trees for energy, construction etc, reducing the regeneration of plants and animals. It is estimated that over 60 percent of the total land area may be classified as dry lands, much of it threatened by desertification. Deforestation is estimated to expand rapidly at around 3 00,000 - 400,000 hectares per annum. 

The negative environmental effects that arise from unsuitable methods of mining and quarrying include land degradation, river diversion, disturbance to wildlife and vegetation and air and water pollution. In gold mining areas, water pollution is aggravated by the use of mercury by artisans and small miners. On the other hand, bad fishing practices (use of dynamite, chemical poisons, small nets) destroy the aquatic life cycle and fish stock.

In urban areas, environmental problems are serious in the unplanned, usually congested settlements. There is lack of waste separation between hazardous and non-hazardous, industrial, domestic and hospital waste and poor management of landfills. Industrial effluent, noxious gases, vehicular exhausts pollute water (lakes, rivers and ocean) and air mainly in major urban centres like Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Morogoro, Arusha, Tanga and Mbeya.

The end results are rapid depletion of the natural resources and people's livelihoods, health hazards and intensification of poverty. While it is important to address each of these problems separately, comprehensive solutions call for mutually reinforcing interventions.

Priorities for Actions: 
High priority has been put on designing and implementing environment policies aimed at both conservation and management of the resources and environment, raising public awareness and understanding of the linkages between environment and their livelihoods, and promoting international co-operation on the environment agenda.

The Government has adopted the forest policy, mineral sector policy, wildlife policy, fisheries policy and land policy. Priority interventions will be directed at implementing the National Action Programme to Combat Desertification, Biodiversity Conservation; cleaner production in industries and abatement of pollution; and human resource and institutional strengthening. The key actions will include:

Strategies that empower local communities, the civil society at large and the private sector to participate effectively in environmental conservation activities.

Public awareness on sustainable use of the natural resources through education and public media.

Energy efficiency programmes and development of alternative energy sources. 

Environmentally sound practices for small-scale mining and fishing activities.

Cleaner production for industries through incentive mechanisms and economic instruments

Promoting re-use and recycling of waste.

Monitoring of pollution, desertification and drought.

Development of standards and indicators for environmental management and data base.

Promotion of traditional biodiversity conservation practices.

Formulation and implementation of integrated coastal zone management programmes.

Implementation of relevant aspects of international treaties on the environment.

NB: Full Text of the Policy will be on this page soon

Education and Training Policy

Education Sector Policies

Recent policy in Education Sector include Technical Education and Training Policy(1996), National Higher Education Policy (1999) and Science and Technology Policy (1996).  Details: http//www.tzonline.org. 

 

As indicated in policy documents the overall goal of education sector is to ensure quality, access and equity at all levels of education.  Specifically these policies are aiming in improvement of quality education and training, expansion of the provision of education and training, promotion of science and technology and broadening the base for the financing of education and training.

 

Education policies are in line with the larger national or macro policy which emphasizes, inter alia, increased role of private sector in education, introduction of cost sharing measures, and decentralization of education and training management.  

1.0 System and Structure of Education and Training
1.1 The structure of the Formal Education and Training System shall be 2-7-4-2-3+ (that is, 2 years of preprimary education, 7 years of primary education, 4 years of secondary ordinary Level, 2 years of secondary Advanced Level and a minimum of 3 years of university education).

1.2 Government shall promote pre-school education for children aged 0-6 years. This education shall ensure maintenance of our cultural values.

1.3 Pre-primary school education for children aged between 5 and 6 years shall be formalized and integrated in Formal School System.

1.4 Primary education shall continue to be of seven years duration and compulsory in enrollment and attendance.

1.5 Secondary education shall continue to be of four years for ordinary Level and two years for Advanced Level.

1.6 Government shall liberalize and give incentives for the promotion of Vocational Education and Training.

1.7 Government shall re-introduce Trade School in the education system and promote their establishment.

1.8 Government shall introduce and formalize the establishment of Polytechnics in the education system.

1.9 Non-formal education and Training shall be recognized, promoted, strengthened, co-ordinated and integrated with Formal education and Training System. 


 2.0 Access and Equity in Education and Training

2.1 Government shall guarantee access to pre-primary and primary education, and adult literacy to all citizens as a basic right.

2.2 Government shall promote and ensure equitable distribution of education institutions. 

2.3 Government shall promote and facilitate access to education to disadvantaged social and cultural groups.

2.4 Primary education shall be universal and compulsory to all children at the age of 7 years until they complete this cycle of education.

2.5 The establishment of co-education and girls secondary schools shall be promoted and encouraged.

2.6 Government shall not deboard existing girls' government boarding secondary schools.

2.7 Government shall establish girls' day streams in existing government secondary schools in communities where girls' secondary education is severely affected.

2.8 Government shall establish special education financial support schemes for girls and women in education and training institutions.

2.9 Adult education programmes shall be designed to encourage and promote the enrollment and attendance of women.

2.10 The school curriculum shall be reviewed in order to strengthen and encourage participation and achievement of girls in mathematics and science subjects.

2.11 Education and school systems shall eliminate gender stereotyping through the curricula, textbooks and classroom practices.

2.12 Special in-service training programmes shall be designed and implemented for women teachers.

2.13 Government shall encourage the construction of hostel/boarding accommodation for girls in day secondary school.

2.14 The Quota System shall be phased out.

2.15 Government shall evolve a machinery to identify and develop gifted and talented children.

2.16 Government shall ensure that adequate resources are made available and provide to enhance access and equity in education.

2.17 Government shall promote school and college feeding and health programmes.


 3.0 Management and Administration of Education and Training

3.1 Government shall establish and Advisory Council, to co-ordinate and harmonise the provision of education and training in the country.

3.2 Government shall establish a Vocational Education and Training Authority (VETA), to co-ordinate and harmonise vocational and technical education and training.

3.3 Government shall establish organs, to coordinate and harmonise tertiary and higher education and training.

3.4 Provision of basic, secondary and teacher education shall be co-ordinated by the ministries responsible for these types of education. 

3.5 Ministries responsible for education and training shall devolve their responsibilities of management and administration of education and training to lower organs and communities.

3.6 Ministries responsible for education and training shall maintain and up-date a register of government and non-government educational institutions under their jurisdiction.

3.7 Government shall issue right of occupancy and land titles to both government education and training institutions.

3.8 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) shall be established for every region, district, town, municipal and city council and shall be responsible for the management of all levels of formal education and training in their areas of jurisdiction.

3.9 All education and training institutions shall have school or college committees/boards.

3.10 Boards and Committees of education and training institutions shall be responsible for management, development, planning, discipline and finance of institutions under their jurisdiction.

3.11 All education managers at national, regional, district and post-primary formal education and training institutions shall have a university degree, professional training in education and management, as well as appropriate experience. Education managers at Ward and primary school levels shall have a certificate or diploma in education, as well as professional training in educational management and administration from a recognized institution.

3.12 All education managers at national, regional district and institutional levels shall be responsible for the coordination of the planning, provision, management, administration and quality control of formal, informal and non-formal education and training in their areas of jurisdiction. 

3.13 The posts of Regional and District education Officers shall be elevated. These officers shall have over all responsibility over the implementation of formal, informal and non-formal education and training policies in their respective areas of jurisdiction.

3.14 The Inspectorate shall be strengthened and adequately resourced to monitor the provision of education.

3.15 The Teachers' Service commission (TSC), shall be responsible for maintaining and controlling the Unified Service of all teachers to which they shall all belong.

3.16 Government shall ensure better terms of service and working conditions for all teachers. 

3.17 All school teachers shall ensure that they are registered and licensed to teach in Tanzania schools.

3.18 All owners and managers of schools and colleges of education shall ensure that their teachers have professional qualifications and are registered and licensed to teach.

 4.0 Formal Education and Training

4.1 Pre-primary school education for children of ages 5 to 6 shall be formalized and promoted in the Formal Education System.

4.2 Government shall promote, give incentives and liberalize the establishment and management of pre-primary schools.

4.3 The Medium of Instruction in pre-primary schools shall be Kiswahili, and English shall be a compulsory subject.

4.4 Government shall facilitate proper training, availability and development of a competent cadre of teachers for pre-primary schools.

4.5 Primary education shall be universal and compulsory to all children from the age of 7 years until they complete this cycle of education.

4.6 The establishment, ownership and management of primary schools shall be liberalized.

4.7 Government shall ensure that all primary school age children are enrolled in school and in full attendance.

4.8 Government shall set and establish standard infrastructure and facilities for primary schools, such as desks, educational equipment, libraries and instructional materials necessary for effective delivery and acquisition of good quality education.

4.9 Owners of pre-primary and primary schools shall be responsible for the provision of adequate instructional and school materials approved for use in schools.

4.10 Minimum qualifications for a primary school teacher shall be possession of a valid Grade A Teachers education certificate.

4.11 The medium of instruction in primary schools shall be Kiswahili, and English shall be a compulsory subject from std. 1.

4.12 Government shall ensure that the expansion of existing secondary schools and the establishment of new secondary schools adheres to set government plans for the expansion of secondary education.

4.13 Urban, district, town, municipal and city councils and authorities, communities, NGOs, individual and public institutions shall be encouraged and given incentives to secondary school in each ward (Kata) in their areas of jurisdiction.

4.14 Owners and managers of all secondary schools shall ensure that standard infrastructure, facilities, equipment and instructional materials necessary for effective and optimum teaching and learning are good quality, available in adequate quantities and are regularly. 

4.15 The minimum qualification for a secondary school teacher in both government and non-government school shall be possession of a valid diploma in education obtained from recognized institution.

4.16 Owners and mangers of secondary schools shall train, have access to and ensure the availability of well trained teachers, conducive and attractive working conditions, and further professional development and improvement of teachers in their schools.

4.17 Every secondary school shall have a library, adequate stock of books and well trained and competent library personnel.

4.18 Selection and enrollment in O-Level government and non-government secondary school shall be made on the basis of a pre-set national standard cut-off point of performance in the National Primary School Leaving Examination.

4.19 Selection and enrollment in Advanced Level Secondary education shall be based on prescribed performance levels in the relevant A-Level subject combinations after attainment of appropriate credits in the Certificate of Secondary Education Examination.

4.20 The medium of instruction of secondary education shall continue to be English except for the teaching of other approved languages, and Kiswahili shall be a compulsory subject up to Ordinary Level.

4.21 Government teachers' college offering courses leading to Certificate in Teacher education or diploma in Teacher Education shall continue to fall under the ministry responsible for primary and secondary education. Teacher education courses leading to a degree in education shall be designed and offered by institutions of higher education and training.

4.22 Admission into courses offered in teacher education institutions shall take into account the necessity for teachers of children with special needs in education.

4.23 The establishment and ownership of teachers' colleges shall be liberalized to meet the increasing demand for qualified teachers for pre-primary, primary, secondary, vocational and technical education levels.

4.24 Owners and managers of teachers' colleges shall ensure the availability and access of standard infrastructure, facilities, equipment, libraries, instructional materials and well trained tutors needed for optimum and effective pedagogical and professional development and improvement of teachers.

4.25 Minimum qualification for tutors at certificate and diploma level teachers' courses shall be the possession of a valid University degree, with the necessary relevant professional qualification and specialization.

4.26 Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) shall establish facilities and programmes for training and further professional development of tutors of teachers' colleges.

4.27 Minimum admission requirements for the teacher education certificate course shall be Division III of the Certificate of Secondary education Examination, while for the diploma teacher certificate course, minimum entry qualification shall be Division III in the Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination.

4.28 The medium of instruction for teacher education at certificate level shall be Kiswahili, and English shall be a compulsory subject while for diploma and degree level teacher education and training, English shall be used, except for foreign language teaching, which will be in the relevant language itself, and Kiswahili shall be compulsory subject.

4.29 Counseling and career guidance shall be compulsory subject for all teacher trainees.

4.30 In-service training and re-training shall be compulsory in order to ensure teacher quality and professionalism.

 5.0 School Curricula, Examinations and Certification

5.1 Tanzania Institute of education (TIE), shall be responsible for pre-primary, primary, secondary and teacher education curriculum design, development, dissemination, monitoring and evaluation.

5.2 The teaching of Kiswahili, English and other foreign languages shall be promoted in the whole education and training system.

5.3 Kiswahili and English shall be compulsory subjects for all students from pre-primary to Ordinary Level secondary education. Training in communication skills through English and Kiswahili shall permeate the whole education and training system.

5.4 Science and technology shall be essential components of education and training in the whole education and training system.

5.5 The teaching of humanities shall be promoted in the whole education and training system.

5.6 The teaching of civics and social studies shall be compulsory from pre-primary school to Ordinary Level secondary education and their components shall permeate the whole education and training system.

5.7 The curriculum at all levels of education and training shall emphasize and promote the merger of theory and practice the general applications of knowledge.

5.8 Tanzania Institute of Education shall design, and develop national curriculum guidelines for pre-primary education.

5.9 Tanzania Institute of education shall design, develop, monitor, review, and update the primary school curriculum.

5.10 English and Kiswahili languages shall be taught as compulsory subjects from pre-primary school to Ordinary Level secondary education.

5.11 Tanzania Institute Of Education shall;
  1. continue to design, develop, review, update and monitor the implementation of secondary school curriculum.
  2. merge theory and practice in the Ordinary Level secondary school curriculum. 

5.12 Teacher education curricula for all certificate and diploma level courses shall be designed, developed monitored and evaluated by the Tanzania Institute of Education.

5.13 Block Teaching Practice shall be mandatory to every teacher trainee and adequate financial provision shall be made by owners and managers of teachers colleges for the full duration of the prescribed practice teaching period.

5.14 The establishment, development and use of Teachers' Resource Centres shall be promoted.

5.15 There shall be centralized examinations at the end of Standard VII, Form 4, Form 6, and Teacher Education Certificate and Diploma courses.

5.16 Standard VII, Form 4 and Form 6 examination shall mark completion of primary and secondary education cycles and the results of these examinations shall be used for selection of students for further formal education and training, and also for certification.

5.17 The National Examinations Council of Tanzania shall be responsible for design, regulation, conduct and administration of National Standard VII, Form 4, Form 6, and Teachers Education Certificate and Diploma Examinations.

5.18 The basis for certification of Form 4 and Form 6 graduates shall be continuous assessment and the results of final written examinations. Private candidates shall be certified on the basis of results of final written examinations only.

5.19 The basis for certification of teacher trainees shall be continuous assessment, Block Teaching Practice and final written examinations. 

5.20 Results of Primary School Leaving, Form 4, form 6, and Teacher education National examinations shall be certified and made public in an appropriate form.

5.21 All National examinations within the formal school system shall be conducted at specified cycles.

5.22 The National Examinations Council of Tanzania shall be the sole body which shall permit, administer and supervised foreign examinations in Tanzania.

5.23 Certification for Formal School Education Examinations and the establishment of equivalencies shall be done by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania.

5.24 Statutory institutions, such as universities, tertiary and other institutions of higher learning, shall be responsible the certification of candidates under their jurisdiction.

5.25 Educational Research and evaluation Units shall be strengthened and adequately resourced.

5.26 Government shall establish, maintain and resource a National Documentation and Dissemination Centre for Education.

5.27 Tanzania Library service Board (TLS) shall plan, promote, establish, equip, manage, maintain, and develop public, school and other institutional libraries.

 6.0 Vocational Education and Training

6.1 Traditional expertise, experts and the apprenticeship system shall be recognised 
and promoted as a component of the vocational education and training system.

6.2 Employers shall adopt a wider apprenticeship modular training scheme as a means of providing training opportunities for a much larger proportion of the labour force.

6.3 VETA shall prepare and make available career guidance information on vocational education and training.

6.4 Pupils in the formal school system shall be counseled on the importance and viability of vocational education and training.

6.5 Entrepreneurial skills training shall be an integral part of all vocational education and training programmes.

6.6 Occupational curricula for all vocational education and training courses shall be designed and developed by VETA in collaboration with Tanzania Institute of Education.

6.7 All vocational examinations and certification shall be coordinated, harmonised and synchronised by VETA, and certificates shall perfomance levels in respective subjects.

6.8 Government shall build and establish more vocational teacher education institutions.

6.9 Government shall liberalize the establishment and ownership of vocational teacher education institutions.

6.10 The entry qualification for vocational teacher trainees shall be the possession of appropriate qualifications in the relevant trade and profession.

6.11 FDCs shall be encouraged to increasingly offer vocational education and training.

6.12 Post-primary technical centres shall be transformed into vocational education and training centres.

6.13 All vocational education and training centres shall be registered and approved by VETA.

6.14 All vocational education and training centres shall be upgraded and improved to meet national standards as set by VETA.

6.15 Trade schools shall be re-introduced in the school system.

6.16 Polytechnic institutions shall be introduced in the school system.

 7.0 Tertiary Education and Training

7.1 The establishment and ownership of tertiary education and training institutions shall be liberalized.

7.2 Tertiary and higher education and training institutions shall design and develop their own curricula which shall be validated by VETA and other appropriate organs.

7.3 Tertiary and higher education and training institutions shall conduct and administer examinations award appropriate certificates, diplomas and degrees as provided for in their respective Acts.

7.4 Research and Development shall constitute essential components and activities of all institutions of tertiary and higher education and training.

7.5 Special financial facilities shall be established to enable students in tertiary and higher education and training institutions to contribute towards their own education and training

7.6 Enrollment at universities and other institutions of higher education and training shall be increased.

7.7 Programmes and courses offered at tertiary education and training institutions shall be reviewed, streamlined and rationalised for cost-effectiveness.

7.8 International cooperation in matters of education and training shall be encouraged and promoted.

 8.0 Non-Formal Education and Training 

8.1 The Culture sector shall be an integral p art of the Government system and structure.

8.2 National development plans, programmes and projects shall ensure that viable cultural norms and values are maintained, promoted and sustained.

8.3 Basic literacy, post-literacy and functional literacy programmes shall constitute essential components of the education system.

8.4 Universal adult literacy shall be accessible to all adults.

8.5 Functional literacy programmes shall be designed and developed in response to the socio-economic needs of the neo-literates.

8.6 Continuing education shall be an integral part of the education system.

8.7 The institute of Adult Education (IAE), shall design, develop, make available and monitor curricula for literacy, post-literacy, and functional literacy.

8.8 Continuing education programmes shall use curricula designed and developed by relevant institutions

8.9 Government shall provide an enabling environment for the production, distribution and availability of instructional and learning materials, equipment and libraries for adult and continuing education.

8.10 National literacy tests shall be conducted every three years by the institution responsible for adult education, and the results thereof shall be used to improve national literacy levels

8.11 All education institutions in the country shall be designated Centres of Adult Learning.

8.12 The Ministry responsible for teacher education shall provide for the training of specific cadre of adult education teachers and tutors.

Minerals Policy
1.0 Objectives
In view of these challenges, the Government's policy for the mineral sector development will aim to attract and enable the private sector to take the lead in exploration, mining development, mineral benefication and marketing. The role of the public sector will be to stimulate and guide private mining investment by administering, regulating, and promoting the growth of the sector. Accordingly, the policy objectives of the Government for the mineral sector are:

(i) To stimulate exploration and mining development;

(ii) To regularize and improve artisanal mining;

(iii) To ensure that mining wealth supports sustainable economic and social development;

(iv) To minimize or eliminate the adverse social and environmental impacts of mining development; 

(v) To promote and facilitate mineral and mineral-based products marketing arrangements;

(vi) To promote and develop Tanzania as the gemstone centre of Africa; and

(vii) To alleviate poverty especially for artisanal and small-scale miners.

NB: Full Text of the Policy www.tzonline.org

Food and Nutrition Policy

Aims and Objectives of the Food and Nutrition Policy for Tanzania

 1.0  The aims of the Food and Nutrition Policy are as follows;

  1. To integrate food and nutrition activities undertaken by various sector.

  2. To enable each sector to play its part in the elimination of the various sectors.

  3. To improve the nutritional situation of the Tanzanian community, especially children and women.

  4. To strengthen the procedures of obtaining and supplying food within the household, villages and towns by utilizing locally produced foods

  5. To enable Tanzanians to produce and use food which can adequately meet their nutritional needs.

  6. To establish a viable research programme which will facilitate the improvement of food and nutrition in the country.

1.1  The objectives of the Food and Nutrition Policy are as follows;

  1. To prepare a viable system for coordinating, balancing and guiding food and nutrition activities which are being undertaken by various sectors

  2. To provide guidelines and techniques to combat food and nutrition problems in the country and to enable each sector to play its role.

  3. To rectify the state of food availability and formulate proper strategies and techniques to ensure the availability and utilization of food in accordance with nutritional requirements.

  4. To involve all sectors which deal with issues pertaining to food and nutrition in realizing and strengthening the methods of improving the nutrition situation.

  5. To incorporate food and nutrition considerations in development plans and to allocate available resources towards solving the problem of food and nutrition at all levels.

  6. To ensure nutrition as one of the indicators in assessing social development achievements of economic and health improvement projects.

  7. To formulate and develop research which facilitate solving of food and nutrition problems.

1.3  In order to achieve the aims and objectives of this policy, the following important areas have been defined and analyzed:

  1. Food Security.

  2. Care for Special Groups

  3. Essential Human Services

  4. Food and Nutrition

  5. Roles of various sectors in the implementation of the Food and Nutrition Policy in Tanzania.

NB: Full Text of the Policy will be on this page soon

Water policy

The main elements of the Government’s energy policy  and strategy are to:

  • Develop domestic energy resources which are shown to be least cost options.

  • Promote economic energy pricing.

  • Improve energy reliability and security and enhance energy efficiency.

  • Encourage commercialization and private sector participation.

  • Reduce forest depletion.

  • Develop human resources.

 

In addition, there is the Petroleum Act, (1980) which is designed to create a conducive legal environment for oil exploration companies and provide for flexibility and stability of the oil exploration agreements.

 

Labour Policy

The National Policy For Youth  Development:

 Objectives are:

  • To improve the life of Youths, Men and Women by developing them in Sectors of economy, culture, politics, up-bringing, education and health.

  • To sensitise youths and society in awareness, promotion and defending youth rights according to the national constitution.

  • To associate departments, institutions and various organisations in implementing youth development programmes with the aim of mitigating economic, social, political and culture negative effects.

  • To prepare youth physically, mentally, economical, politically and culturally so that they can take -over various responsibilities as good citizens, parents and leaders in a society.

  • To enable youths participate in the struggle to bring social and national development.

 

National Employment Policy:

  • The objectives of the National Employment Policy are the following:

  • To prepare a conducive environment for the un-employed to employ themselves by directing more re-sources to the self employment sectors

  • To identify potential areas for employment and to lay down strategies of how to utilize such areas in promoting employment in the country.

  • To prepare a special procedure for coordination and development of sources of employment including creation of a Body that will supervise implementation of the employment policy.

  • To identify and elaborate on the status and roles of Government, Private Sector,  society in general, NGOs, local and foreign donors in promoting and sustaining employment.

  • Continuous application of simple and appropriate technology in order to increase labour productivity.

  • To imitate a special system whereby employers and job seekers will be made aware of the existing supply and demand of labour.

  • To strengthen (through removal of legal bottlenecks) the relationship between formal sector and that of self employment.

  • To develop the self employment sector in rural areas so as to reduce the rate of migration to urban areas.

  • To involve various groups/organizations of people in all employment programmes including women, youths, people with disabilities, retired people and retrenches.

  • To ensure that activities initiated on self employment act as a basis for the development of the economy and are an inspiration for the culture of self reliance.

  • To encourage self employment activities in the informal sector because this sector has abundant wealth which has not been exploited significantly.

  • To see to it that initiation of self employment activities will be based on the awareness that there are industries which will be linked to such activities in terms of inputs and outputs.

  • To direct most of the labour force to the currently un-attractive sectors in order to make them attractive for production.  Such sectors are Agriculture, Livestock and Co-operatives.  There is also need to promote use of existing rural wealth which would be sold to earn money which should in turn be used to strengthen small scale activities.  These small activities are intended to grow into large scale activities which will stimulate  agriculture production through use of its raw materials or processing of its products at primary and Secondary level.

Energy policy

The main elements of the Energy Policy  and strategy are to:

  • Develop domestic energy resources which are shown to be least cost options.

  • Promote economic energy pricing.

  • Improve energy reliability and security and enhance energy efficiency.

  • Encourage commercialization and private sector participation.

  • Reduce forest depletion.

  • Develop human resources.

 

In addition, there is the Petroleum Act, (1980) which is designed to create a conducive legal environment for oil exploration companies and provide for flexibility and stability of the oil exploration agreements.

 

Water policy

The major sector issues addressed in the National Water Policy are grouped as follows:

  • Beneficiary participation.

  • Community based management.

  • Improved integration of water and sanitation activities.

  • Water resources and environmental awareness.

  • External Support Agency Assistance.

  • Institutional Aspects (sectoral and cross sectoral coordination).

 

In addition, there is the Petroleum Act, (1980) which is designed to create a conducive legal environment for oil exploration companies and provide for flexibility and stability of the oil exploration agreements.

Justice

Cooperatives and Marketing

Cooperative Policy:

The 1997 cooperative policy commits government to play the role of facilitator:

  • Encourages women’s participation

  • Introduce cooperative education in schools and colleges

  • Encourages research

  • Assist in human resource development and capacity building

  • Aims at adopting integrated approach linking production enhancement with processing, marketing and the maximum use of lay-products to help farmers maximize their net incomes.

 

Land Policies

 

National Land Policy

Since Tanzania attained political independence in 1961, there has been the need to have a comprehensive land policy that would govern land tenure, land use management and administration.

 

The overall aim of a National land Policy is to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system, to encourage the optimal use of land resources and to facilitate or endangering the ecological balance of the environment.

 

National Human Settlements Development Policy

Human Settlements development and shelter delivery are in separable and require a coherent and comprehensive policy that links them in a common framework.  The need to develop a National Human Settlements Development policy arises from the government’s resolve to address and reverse the deterioration of human settlement’s conditions in the country and its recognition and commitment to the decision by the United Nations Habitat Agenda II and the Instanbul Declaration on Human Settlements Development.  This policy aims at harnessing existing initiatives in shelter delivery and infrastructure investment by various actors in the public, private, informal and community sectors as well as guide the rapid urban growth and the transformation on the settlement pattern.  The overall goals of the National Human Settlements Development.  Policy are:-

 

  • To promote development of Human Settlements that are sustainable

  •  To facilitate the provisions of adequate and affordable shelter to all income groups in Tanzania.

 

Fisheries Policy

The National Fisheries sector policy and strategy statement was adopted in December 1997.  The statement focuses on the promotion of sustainable exploitation, utilization and marketing to provide food, income, employment foreign exchange earnings and effective protection of aquatic environment to sustain development.  The overall goal of the National Fisheries Policy is to promote conservation, development and sustainable management of the Fisheries Resources for the benefit of present and future generations. 

The main policy strategies are:

§         Instituting effective mechanism for monitoring fishing activities especially in deep water fishing for export to minimize unrecorded exports and to ensure that appropriate government revenue is collected.

§         Establishing conservation centres in all lake waters and sea waters and ensure effectiveness in maintaining quality and managing the natural ecosystem.

§         Strengthening research and extension services for fishermen.

·        Improving infrastructure for fish handling, processing, packaging preservation storage and marketing. 

The fisheries Act (1970) is the major legal instrument for current fisheries policy. 

Other instruments are territorial sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act (1989), the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute Act (1980) and Marine Parks and Reserves Act (1994).  Most of these need to be revised and subsidiary legislation updated. 

Detail policy text www.tzonline.org