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HIV/AIDS
IN TANZANIA:
The first cases of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania were reported in1983, although for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole the problem began to surface in the late 1970s. The epidemic has evolved from being rare and new disease to a common household problem, which has affected most Tanzania families. The development of the HIV/AIDS epidemic have its clear impact on all sectors of development through not only pressure on AIDS cases care and management of resources, but also through debilitation and depletion of economically active population especially young women and men.
HIV infection is unevenly distributed across geographic area, gender, age, groups and social economic classes in the country. The percentage of the population infected by HIV ranges from less than three percent across most of the country to more than 44.4 percent in certain sub populations. The epidemic has struck more the most economically active group of adults, those aged 15-45.
Distribution of AIDS cases:
Between 1st January and 31st December, 1999, a total of 8,850 AIDS cases were reported to the NACP from the 20 regions of mainland Tanzania bringing the number of AIDS cases from 1983 to 118,713. Simulation model estimates that only 1 out of 5 AIDS cases are reported.
NACP, therefore, estimates that 44,250 cases occurred in 1999 and 600,000 cumulative AIDS cases have occurred from 1983 to 1999
(www.ppu.go.tz).
The distribution of AIDS cases by age and sex during the period January through December 1999 (is summarized in
www.ppu.go.tz) for both sexes most cases falling within the age group 20-49 years; peak age for females being 25-29 years while that for males is 30-34 years. Generally females acquire HIV infection at an earlier age compared to males, assuming a similar incubation period for both sexes. Specific case rates in 1999 indicate that males have a higher case rate (28.2 per 100,000 population) compared to females (26.5 per 100,000 population).
The total population for 1999 has been projected from the 1988 population census using exponential growth model with an annual population growth rate of 2.8%, the NACP estimates that only 1 out of 5 AIDS cases are reported due to under utilisation of health services, under diagnosis, under reporting and delays in reporting. However, the data is believed to reflect the trend of AIDS cases in the country.
The country’s response
During the last eighteen years, Tanzania has undertaken many different approaches in attempting to slow the spread of HIV infection and minimize its impact on individuals, families and the society in general. Since 1983, when the first 3 AIDS cases in Tanzania were reported, the HIV epidemic has progressed differently in various population groups while national response has developed itself into phases of programme activities led by the National AIDS Control Programme since 1985. The programme phases started with a two-year phase called Short Term Plan (1985-1986). Subsequent phases were termed Medium Term Plans lasting for five-year periods beginning with
MTP-I (1987-1991), followed by MTP-II (1992-1996) and now the MTP-III, which was beginning in 1998. Through these programme phase successful national responses have been identified, the most effective ones being those touching on the major determinants of the epidemic and addressing priority areas that make people vulnerable to HIV infection.
Situation analysis
A situation analysis of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania was performed in 1997 and has shown a worsening epidemiological situation whereby the epidemic has rapidly spread into rural areas thereby increasing the previously low rural prevalence to more than 10% in some areas. Mother-to-child transmission appears to be on the increase, as more and more women continue to become infected and pregnant.
The youth and the women have been the most affected groups because of economic, social-cultural, biological and anatomical reasons. Hence, poverty, which reflects the country’s economy, is an important determinant. Mobile population groups have also been categorised as vulnerable to HIV infection as their occupation forces them into high-risk sexual
behaviour. The mobile population groups include commercial sex workers, petty traders, migrant workers, military personnel and long distance truck drivers.
Determinants of the epidemic have been identified and grouped into societal, behavioural and biological ones. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a serious impact on the country’s economy. It has affected agricultural and industrial production as well as affected socio-demographic parameters such as life expectancy. AIDS orphans have been increasing in number while families, communities and the Government cannot cope with the needed resources to cater for their needs.
As regards the country’s response to the epidemic there have been various national efforts to control the spread of HIV. While the initial efforts were mainly implemented by the
MOH, overtime, there has been gradual involvement of other public sectors, NGOs and community-based organizations. This multi-sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS/STDs problem has involved, among others, IEC activities for the prevention of HIV transmission, care for AIDS patients in hospitals and at home, family life education, Government budgetary allocation for AIDS activities, condom procurement and distribution and STD management activities. Encompassing all the above responses is the development of a National Policy on HIV/AIDS/STDs to widen and strengthen the national response against the epidemic.
Epidemiological Situation of HIV/AIDS/STDs in Tanzania
In Tanzania, transmission of HIV occurs mainly through heterosexual contact beginning in the early teen years and peaking before the age of 30. Since 1983, when the first three AIDS cases in Tanzania were reported, the HIV epidemic has progressed differently in various population groups. Early in the epidemic, urban populations and communities located along highways were most affected. According to the NACP HIV/AIDS/STD Surveillance Report No.11, 1996, the epidemic has rapidly spread to rural communities and in 1997, more than 10% of women attending antenatal clinics situated in some rural areas have been found to be HIV infected.
The cumulative AIDS cases as reported from surveillance reports collected by the National AIDS Control Programme
(NACP) in Tanzania mainland, rose from 25,503 at the end of 1990 to 88,667 in 1996. Over 80% of the reported AIDS cases were in the age group 20 - 44 years.
Prevalence of HIV Infection:
HIV prevalence in male blood donors was 8.7% and in female blood donors the prevalence was 12.6. This difference is statistically significant. Extrapolating these rates to the Tanzania mainland adult population, 1,259,539 persons aged 15-49 years (1,745,320 adults aged 15 and above) were infected with the AIDS virus as at December 1999. In general the prevalence of HIV infection of both men and women has been continuously increasing for the past eight years. Prevalence, among female blood donors in Dar es Salaam has been remarkably high from 1997-1999, largely
Because the HIV prevalence reported from Ocean Road Hospital is very high (for 1999, 56.1% for female and 35.7% for males).
Prevalence of HIV infection among blood donors shows some specific difference with regard to age and sex. In 1999, as in previous years, higher prevalence of HIV infection was seen among females than in males of the same age group. The prevalence across the age groups for male ranges between 7.9% and 14.9% for the age groups 50-54 and 35-39 years respectively
Since AIDS is a late consequence of HIV infection, the long incubation period of between 5 and 10 years and the absence of significant symptoms at the early stages of infection, make it impossible to know the exact number of HIV infections in the country. The only reliable data available is that from blood donors and the few
sero-prevalence studies in selected regions. In 1986, 6.8% of adult male donors and 8.2% females were HIV positive (average from population studies 7%). Extrapolation from these figures in an estimated population of 15,500,000 adults in mainland Tanzania results in at least 1,350,000 HIV positives which is 8.7% of the adult population. At least 5% of the infected population could develop to full-blown AIDS, giving approximately 68,00 AIDS cases per year.
According to the blood donor data of 1996, HIV prevalence was high among young adults in the age groups 20 - 24, 25 - 29 and 30 - 34. Infection rates in these groups ranged from 5.9% to 7.9% among males, and from 9.3% to 10.1% among females, the latter being affected at earlier ages than the former.
Although it is estimated that the prevalence of HIV infection among adult’s blood donors is 8.7%, the range varies from 5% to 20%. Regions mostly affected are
Kagera, Iringa and Mbeya with a prevalence range of 15% to 20%, Dar es Salaam,
Rukwa, Shinyanga and Mwanza with a prevalence range of 10% to 15% while
Ruvuma, Kilimanjaro and Mtwara are in the prevalence range of 5% to 10%.
Vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is also considerable in Tanzania. In 1996 this accounted for about 4% of all reported AIDS cases. The problem seems to be on the rise as more women continue to become infected and pregnant. Data from sentinel surveys in antenatal clinics show
sero-prevalence rates of 5.5% to 23%, and assuming a 30% prenatal transmission rate, the proportion of
new-borns expected to be infected could reach 7 per cent.
HIV/AIDS is increasingly becoming the major underlying factor for hospital admissions and deaths. Many diseases, which seemed to have been controlled ten years ago, have returned to previous levels due to HIV/AIDS. For example the prevalence of HIV infection among 128 newly detected tuberculosis patients in Mbeya in 1995 was 52%, whereas that proportion in Bukoba hospital in 1992 was 57.4%. Studies conducted in Dar es Salaam, Hai and Morogoro showed that HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of adult mortality especially among women.
Population groups mostly affected
From the above observations it can be seen that two groups emerge as the most affected. These are the youth and the women. Several reasons can be advanced to explain this observation. Early marriage and early initiation of sex among women, young girls having sex with older men, peer pressure for high-risk
behaviour, biological and anatomical predisposition are some of the most important reasons. In addition, failure of women to protect themselves from HIV infections due to economic hardships, repressive customary laws, beliefs and polygamy could all contribute to this state of affairs.
A third group mostly affected is the poor. This group is most likely illiterate and unemployed, as a result; it might use sex as a means of earning a living. Again, women are more likely to get involved than men, for lack of alternative means of survival.
A fourth group of those mostly affected is the so-called “mobile populations” which consists of those who work and stay away from home for varied lengths of time during a year. These include commercial sex workers
(CSW), petty traders, migrant workers, military personnel and long distance truck drivers. Their inability to negotiate for safer sex with their clients puts them at a high risk. Another group of workers in risky occupations is that of health workers who may inadvertently handle infected material in the course of their work. These often lack the necessary protective gear and education to prevent them from coming into contact with infected materials.
Determinants of the Epidemic
The main determinants are societal, behavioural and biological. These singly or in combination provide opportunities for HIV infection to occur to an individual.
Social determinants
Commercial sex workers form a group that potentially increases the sexual transmission rate of HIV infection. Studies by AMREF along the major truck stops and towns have shown this group to have a high HIV prevalence of up to 60%. A study conducted by MUTAN in the Moshi municipality showed that bar workers had HIV infection prevalence rate of 32%, while a study in Dar es Salaam showed that 50% of the bar workers were HIV positive.
Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS are quite common in Tanzania. Studies done in communities in
Magu, Mwanza by TANESA showed the level of stigma and denial for AIDS and HIV to be very high. Many people would not admit that their sick relative could be suffering from HIV/AIDS but believe instead in witchcraft as the cause of their sickness. This situation makes it difficult to convince people with wife-inheritance traditions not to marry women whose husbands may have died from AIDS.
A large proportion of the population with very low and/or irregular income is an important social determinant. Over 50% of Tanzanians live below the poverty line and females are worse than males. In addition, low and or irregular income creates an environment that encourages labour migration. Women in such situations may be easily tempted to exchange sex for money and this puts them and their spouses at risk for HIV. People with low income have less access to medical care including that for STDs and HIV/AIDS.
Social isolation for long periods and peer pressures for high-risk behaviour among the military form other social determinants. In Tanzania when one is enrolled in the army, one is confined in a camp and barred from getting married for six years. This makes one vulnerable to high-risk behaviour and hence to HIV infection especially when the army has no proper programs for HIV/AIDS prevention like the promotion of condom use and provision of IEC for HIV prevention.
Cultural norms, beliefs and practices that subjugate/subordinate women are important determinants these include cultural practices like wife inheritance, polygamy and female circumcision, which are common among many tribes in Tanzania. Obligatory sex in marital situations is condoned even by religion, and women cannot divorce in some faiths. Furthermore, in some cultures multiple sex partners for men is tolerated and may even be encouraged.
Young people leave home and school environments to become independent without a source of income. In Tanzania every year about 300,000 pupils leave primary education quite early (age 13 - 17yrs) and a significant proportion migrates to large towns like Dar es Salaam in search of employment. These youth and especially the female, become very vulnerable because they end up getting employment, which is poorly paid and in turn have to supplement their meagre income through unsafe sexual practices. Although there have been attempts to introduce sex education in schools, these have not adequately prepared those leaving school to confront sexual issues.
Illiteracy and lack of formal education is on the rise in Tanzania. In the eighties the level of literacy in the country was around 80%. At that time many people could read and understand messages meant for their well being. Today, the literacy rate has gone down to less than 60%; this means less people can understand written messages. This has been contributed by the fact that many young people are not being enrolled into schools and these are unfortunate because it has been shown that the prevalence of HIV infection in educated women is lower than in those who were not educated. The other contributing factor to the declining literacy rate is that the post-independence adult education campaigns are currently so poorly managed for lack of resources that there is little or no output.
Behavioural determinants:
Unprotected sexual behaviour among mobile population groups with multiple partners makes them vulnerable to HIV infection. The groups include long distance truck drivers who have been found to unprotect sexual intercourse with HIV sero-positivity of up to 50%. This is because they have multiple sexual partners available in all major truck stops. Migrant or seasonal workers are also vulnerable. It has been found that farm and plantation workers in Iringa and Morogoro for example, have HIV prevalence of about 30%, which is very high compared to the general population.
Reduced Social discipline for making good decisions about social and sexual
behaviour. Long before the eighties when the AIDS epidemic became apparent Tanzanians were a disciplined society where traditional values and norms were cherished. But recently, social discipline has been eroded. This is so because of several factors such as failure of parents to institute traditional values and discipline to their children for lack of time. Sudden mushrooming of television programmes and other mass media have also contributed negatively to social discipline.
Biological determinants
STDs Infections (especially gonorrhoea and other genital discharges) are among the top-ten causes of disease in mainland Tanzania. Studies have found that patients with STDs are 2 to 9 times more likely to be infected with HIV. However because HIV and other STDs are both highly associated with high-risk sexual behaviour it is difficult to show the extent to which STD alone enhance infection of HIV. Nevertheless, studies in Mwanza have shown that STD management within the existing PHC system can reduce the incidence of HIV infection by about 40%.
Unsafe blood transfusion is a major determinant of HIV transmission. The HIV transmission rate through transfusion of contaminated blood is almost 100%. For this reason, in Tanzania all centres rendering this service are equipped with facilities to ensure safe blood transfusion. However, due to lack of regular supplies of reagents and equipment as well as lack of reliable power supply in some centres there is some risk of transfusing contaminated blood. This situation therefore calls for improved blood transfusion services in the whole country.
Impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Given that the HIV/AIDS epidemic has progressed with different rates in various population groups in Tanzania, the impact has varied from being minor to being profound depending on the time the infection was introduced in the area, rate of spread and the proportion of the population affected.
Experiences from several parts of the country indicate that HIV infected persons, on average, die about 4 to 12 months after falling ill with one or more of the major manifestations of AIDS. During this period a member of the family often has to stay at home or hospital with the patient to provide care especially during the terminal stages of the disease. The medical, emotional and social costs on the patient and indeed the family are frequently high. More socio-economic difficulties arise when the patient is the main bread earner. When death finally comes the traditional family structures, already stressed by poor health, increased burden of care and poverty, are in many cases at breaking points. Funeral costs have been estimated to exceed US $100 for every adult death in
Kagera. Available data from severely affected communities show that AIDS often leads to social and economic disruption of affected individuals, families and communities. The poorest households are least able to cope with the impact of adult deaths due to AIDS and are frequently unable to obtain even the most basic needs in the short term. Child nutrition, education, health and living standards for the survivors may be severely affected.
Hospital based data indicate that up to 50% of beds are occupied by patients with HIV/AIDS related illness. Consequently the demand for care and hospital supplies is enormous and by-and-large government health facilities are facing inadequate funding and manpower. It is estimated that in Tanzania the ideal lifetime and nursing-care costs for HIV/AIDS is US $ 290 for adults and US$ 195 for children. Gains made during 1980's in TB control have been lost due to HIV/AIDS. TB case rates had been declining steadily up to 1982 but since then there has been a sharp increase the number of reported TB cases and in most urban areas these have more than doubled.
The number of adult HIV infection in Tanzania in 1999 was estimated to be 1,745,320
(NACP). Given the fatality of the illness, and with 1.7 million infected adults, HIV/AIDS can no longer be viewed as just a health problem it has to be cognised as a development problem. The impact of the epidemic is serious given its widespread; it is now the major cause of adult mortality in many parts of Tanzania.
The health sector in particular is experiencing an increased demand for its services, as AIDS patients occupy an ever-increasing number of beds in hospitals. And given illness episodes per AIDS patient, the public expenditure on AIDS treatment is high. In the education sector we find children pulled out of school either due to a lack of money or needed to help at home. The social welfare sector is experiencing a large increase of AIDS orphans.
Industries experiencing the loss of skilled workers are facing high costs of recruitment and training of the new personnel. As the labour force in agriculture declines, agricultural production will decline. Agriculture takes place on family farms where agricultural production is labour intensive, and seasonal labour constraints are common.
Since agriculture is the backbone of the Tanzanian economy, and most agricultural workers are in the age group 15-45 who are mostly affected by the epidemic, the impact of HIV/AIDS is gradually becoming noticeable as the epidemic spreads to rural communities. Production of food and cash crops is bound to suffer as the labour force gets sick and dies from AIDS.
The World Bank estimates that because of the AIDS epidemic, life expectancy by 2010 will revert to 47 years instead of the projected 56 years in the absence of AIDS. The Bank further predicts that the mean age of the working population (labour force) will decline from 31.5 to 29 years between 1992 and 2010. The overall younger work force will have less education, less training and less experience. In addition the number of children orphaned by AIDS was estimated to be increasing from between 260,000 to 360,000 in 1995 to between 490,000 and 680,000 by the year 2000. Families, communities and the government will be required to generate resources to cater for the needs of these children. The Bank further estimates that, AIDS will reduce average real GDP growth rate in the period 1985-2010 from 3.9% without AIDS to between 2.8 and 3.3% with AIDS. These factors will certainly have a negative impact on the overall economic performance of the country and its living standards.
Profile
of HIV/AIDS, NGOs
The
following is a profile of HIV/AIDS, NGOs in Mainland Tanzania:
- Society
for women and AIDS in Africa Tanzania Branch, P.O. Box 3522, Dodoma.
Activities:
Research, Home Care,
Counseling, Behaviour change and Orphan care.
- Tanzania
Home Economics Association (TAHEA) c/o Kilimo Mkoa P.O. Box 73,
Dodoma.
Activities:
Advocacy, Education (IEC),
Counseling, Work place international.
- Religious
Network on AIDS Control (UMADIKU), P.O. Box 837, Dodoma. Tel:
026-221964
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling, Income generation, Behavious
change, orphan care, capacity building.
4.
Tanzania Parents Association (WAZAZI), P.O. Box 915, Dar es
Salaam. Tel: 022- 2122127
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Counseling and Behaviour change.
- Dodoma
Environment Management Trust Fund (DEMAT), P.O. Box 2532, Dodoma.
Tel: 026-221964.
Activities:
Advocacy, Education (IEC),
Counseling Income Generation and Capacity Building
- Dodoma
Cluster, P.O. Box 3113, Dodoma.
Tel: 026-220355
Activities:
Advocacy, Education (IEC),
Service, Home Care, Counseling, Behaviour Change Orphan care and
Capacity Building.
7.
Dodoma Society for Disabled Mobility and Rehabilitation (DCDMR),
P.O. Box 2838, Dodoma
Activities:
Service
8.
World Vision Tanzania, Central Zone, P.O. Box 3113, Dodoma.
Tel: 026-221555
Activities:
Research, Service, Home
Care Income Generation, Capacity Building.
9.
Archdiocese of Mwanza (RC) Health Department, P.O. Box 1421,
Mwanza. Tel:028-2500010/2500156
Activities:
Education (IEC), Home
Care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour change, Orphan Care.
10.
Family Planning Association of Tanzania (UMATI), P.O. Box 515,
Dodoma. Tel: 026-221573
Activities:
Advocacy, Research,
Education (IEC) Service, Counseling, Income Generation.
11.
Seventh Day Adventist Church (SDA), P.O. Box 3671. Dodoma. Tel:
026-223300
Activities:
Education (IEC),
Service, Home care Counseling, Behaviour Change and Capacity Building.
12.
Diocese of Central Tanganyika (DCT-NGO), P.O. Box 15, Dodoma.
Tel: 026-221509/221777
Activities:
Advocacy, Education )IEC)
Home based care, counseling, Income generation.
13.
African Medical and Research Foundation (Mwanza Branch), P.O. Box
1482, Mwanza. Tel:
028-500220, Fax 028-500742
Activities:
Advocacy
research, education (IEC) counseling, service, Income Generation,
Behaviour change, capacity Building.
14.
Tanzania Women’s Organisation, P.O. Box 384, Dodoma. Tel:
028-304564/222794
Activities:
Advocacy,
Home Care, Counseling, Behaviour change, Orphan care, capacity Building.
15.Singida
Diocesan AIDS section (CCBHC), P.O. Box 487, Singida. P.O. Box 487,
Singida
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Home care, counseling, behaviour change.
16
Makiungu Hospital AIDS/STDs Programme (CBHC) P.O. Box 57, Singida.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), service, Home care, counseling, income generation, Behaviour
change and capacity building
17.Tanganyinga
Christian Refugee Service, Singida Project. P.O. Box 365, Singida.
Tel: 026-22335
Activities:
Advocacy,
research, education (IEC) service, income generation, behaviour change,
capacity building.
18.Tanzania
Netherlands Project to support HIV/AIDS control in Mwanza Region (TANESA)
, P.O. Box 434, Mwanza. Tel:
2500236
Activities:
Advocacy, Research, Education (IEC) service, Home Care,
Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour change, Capacity Building.
19.The
Salvation Army, Kwetu Counseling Centre, P.O. Box 1273, Dar es Salaam.
Tel:. 022282584
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), service, Home care, counseling income
generation, Behaviour change, orphan Centre, capacity building.
20.Songea
Savings and Credit Group Association (SACRA), P.O. Box 38, Songea:
Tel: 025 2222734
Activities:
Income
Generation.
21.
Nuntura Development and Environment Conservation Group. P.O. Box 529
Mbinga: Tel: 5
Activities:
Education
(IEC) Home care and Income Generation, Behaviour change, capacity
building.
22.
Peramiho Home makers League (PEHOLE), P.O. Box 151, Peramiho.
Tel: 0635 2824,
Activities:
Income
Generation.
23.
Umoja wa Vijana Katoliki Lumoro (UVIKAVU), P.O. Box 529, Mbinga
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC), counseling, Income Generation, orphan centre.
24.
Bastena Organisation Group, c/o St. Annes Hospital, Liuli Mbinga.
Activities:
Research,
Education (IEC) counseling, Income Generation.
25.
Umoja Group Organization, P.O. Box Litembo, Mbinga.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC) Home care, counseling, behaviour change.
26.
Upendo Group Organization, P.O. Box Nang’ombo, Mbambabay.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC) Home care, counseling, behaviour change.
27.
Wapiwapi Group Organization, P.O. Box 254, Mbinga, Ruvuma.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Behaviour change, Orphan Centre.
28.
Imara Group Organization (IMARA), P.O. Box 58, Mbinga
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Home care, Behaviour change, Orphan Care.
29.
Wanawake Wakatoliki Tanzania – Songea (WAWATA), P.O. Box 14,
Songea.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Service, Home care, Income Generation.
30.
SWAAT, SONGE, CHAPTER, P.O. Box 74, Songea.
Tel: 025-202238.
Activities:
Education
(IEC) Counseling, Behaviour change, Capacity Building.
31.
Service Health and Development for People Living with HIV/AIDS (SHDEPHA),
P.O. Box 8295, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2181850
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC) Service, Home care, Counseling, Income Generation,
Behaviour change.
32.
Upendo AIDS Information and Counseling Centre (UPENDO), P.O. Box
77014, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Service, Home care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour
change, Orphan Centre.
33.
Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA) Tanzania Branch, P.O.
Box 65081, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2153391.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Home care, Counseling, Income
Generation, Behaviour change, Orphan Centre, Capacity Building.
34.
Kamati ya Ushauri Kuhusu UKIMWI Kituo cha Levolosi, P.O. Box 695,
Arusha.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Service, Home care, Behaviour
change, Orphan Centre, Capacity Building.
35.
Umoja wa Wazazi Kupambana na UKIMWI, Moivaro (UWAKUMO), c/o Baraa
Pent Church, P.O. Box 1600, Arusha.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Home care, Counseling, Income
Generation, Behaviour change, Orphan Centre and Capacity Building.
36.
Singida Anti AIDS Group (SAAG), P.O. Box 104, Singida.
Tel:026-22007-8.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Home care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour change,
Orphan Centre and Capacity Building.
37.
Alcohol and Drug Information Centre, P.O. Box 1073, Dar es
Salaam: Tel: 022-2118616/2128410.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour
change, Capacity Building.
38.
Mfano Women Group, P.O. Box 60, Songea.
Tel: 025-22529
Activities:
Service,
Home Care, Income Generation, Behaviour change.
39.
Tanzania National Freedom Trans Hunger Campaign, P.O. Box 5410,
Dar es Salaam. Tel: 022-2120529/211562.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour change.
40.
Tanzania Episcopal Conference (TEC), P.O. Box 2133, Dar es
Salaam. Tel: 022-2851075/9
Activities:
Education,
Counselling.
41.
Wanawake Wakatoliki Tanzania (WAWATA), P.O.
Box 34, Sumbawanga.
Activities:
Education
Programme for Women, Income Generation.
42.
Tanzania Social Workers Association (TASWA), P.O. Box 7732, Dar
es Salaam. Tel: 022-2150335.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC) Service, Counseling, Income Generation.
43.
Family Planning Association of Tanzania (UMATI), P.O. Box1372 Dar
es Salaam.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Counseling, Income Generation.
44.
The Brotherhood for Community Services Relief and Development (BCSRD),
P.O. Box 33190, Dar es Salaam
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC), Service, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour
change.
45.
Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC), P.O. Box 9433, Dar
es Salaam. Tel: 022-2112928
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC) Service, Capacity Building.
46.
Jijenge Women Centre for Sexual Health, c/o AMREF, P.O. Box 1482,
Mwanza. Tel: 028-2500581.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC) Service, Counseling, Orphan Care, Capacity Building.
47.
FARAJA Trust Fund, P.O. Box 1673, Morogoro.
Tel: 023 22311.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Home care, Counseling, Income Generation, Orphan Care, Capacity
Building.
48.
The National Muslim Council of Tanzania (BAKWATA), P.O. Box
21422, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022 2667273.
Activities:
Advocacy,
service, Income Generation, Behaviour Change, Orphan Care, Capacity
Building.
49.
Tanzania Home Economics Association (TAHEA), P.O. Box 1125, Dar
es Salaam. Tel: 022-2110104.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling, Income
Generation, Behaviour Change, Orphan Care, Capacity Building.
50.
Responsible Parent hood Education for Youth Project (EMAU), P.O.
Box 297, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2153387
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Counseling, Behaviour Change, Orphan
Care, Capacity Building.
51.
Tanzania League of the Blind, P.O. Box 22408, Dar es Salaam:
Tel:022-2183280.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Counseling, Capacity Building.
52.
St. John Ambulance Council of Tanzania.
P.O. Box 71033, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Education (IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling,
Behaviour Change.
53.
Pastoral Activities and Services for People with AIDS, Dar es
Salaam Archdiocese (PASADA), P.O. Box 70225, Dar es Salaam.
Tel: 022-2865451.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour Change, Orphan Care, Capacity
Building.
54.
DCT Mvumi Hospital (Community Based Health Care Support Programme)
P.O. Box 31 Mvumi, Dodoma. Tel:
20 Mvumi.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling,
Behaviour Change, Capacity Building
55.
Kimara Peer Education and Health Promoters Trust
Fund, P.O. Box 65080, Dar es Salaam.
Tel: 022-2333900.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Service, Home Care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour
Change, Orphan Care.
56.
Tanzania Media Women Association (TAMWA), P.O. Box 8981, Dar es
Salaam. Tel: 022-2132181/2115278.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Service, Home Care, Counseling, Behaviour Change, Capacity
Building..
57.
Shirika la Uchumi la Wanawake Tanzania Ltd. (SUWATA), P.O. Box
868, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2183028.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Service, Counseling, Income Generation,
Capacity Building.
58.
Voice of the AIDS Orphans, P.O. Box 13127, Dar es Salaam.
Tel:022-2461617.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Service, Home Care, Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour Change,
Orphan Care, Capacity Building.
59.
Anti AIDS Club of Tabora, P.O. Box 1875, Tabora.
Tel:026-24856/24857.
Activities:
Medical,
Education, Home Care, Orphan Care.
60.
Tanzania Council for Social Development (TACOSODE), P.O. Box
63169, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2700667.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Research, Education (IEC), Counseling, Income Generation, Behaviour
Change, Capacity Building.
61.
African Inland Church of Tanzania (AICT) Health Department, P.O.
Box 905, Mwanza. Tel:
028-2500302
Activities:
Advocacy,
Education (IEC), Counseling.
62.
Shirika la Ujenzi wa Vituo vya Kisayansi vya Watoto Tanzania (SUVIWATA).
P.O. Box 170, Kasulu, Kigoma. Tel:
028-20695-27.
Activities:
Care,
Education and Self Employment Sector.
63.
Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAAT), P.O. Box 520 Mtwara.
Tel: 023-233451.
Activities:
Create
AIDS epidemic Awareness and AIDS Control activities.
64.
Society for Women and AIDS in Tanzania – Coast Branch.
P.O. Box 20260, Kibaha. Tel:
023-2402367.
Activities:
Training
of members on HIV/AIDS epidemic, Creating Awareness and Information
dissemination identify and offer support to orphans, fund raising and
counseling to affected and infected people.
65.
Southern Highlands Senility Organization (SHISO), P.O. Box 1323,
Iringa. Tel: 026-22117.
Activities:
Production
of Sugar Cane juice operating library service, Home care, material,
identify and support self reliance groups for the aged, orphans,
widow/widowers, solicit funds and materials from donors.
66.
Umoja wa Wanawake Lindi, P.O. Box 64, Lindi.
Activities:
Artisanal,
Hawkers, Savings and Credit and Milling Machines.
67.
Upendo kwa Wote Musoma, P.O. Box 560, Musoma.
Tel: 028-2622162
Activities:
Counseling,
Health Clinics Educating Groups and Home Visits.
68.
The Diocese of Zanzibar and Tanga, P.O. Box 35 Korongwe;
Tel: 22.
Activities:
Providing
of medical care and treatments, Awareness creation on HIV/AIDS and STDs
for Youth and Women though seminars.
69.
ELCT – DIOCESE IN ARUSHA REGION, P.O. Box 3164, Arusha.
Tel: 027-23726
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Counseling, Home Based Care, Orphan support.
70.
Kikundi cha Huduma za UKIMWI Mbeya (KIHUMBE), P.O. Box 2326,
Mbeya. Tel: 025-4206
Activities:
Counseling,
Education (IEC), Home Based Care, Orphan support.
71.
Tanzania Scouts Association, P.O. Box 945, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Self-building,
small scale business, community service.
72.
Walio Katika Mapambano na UKIMWI Tanzania (WAMATA), P.O. Box
68219, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-275275/271414.
Activities:
Counseling,
Home Based Care, material support and orphans support
73.
Scripture Union and the Aid for AIDS Programme, P.O. Box 2313,
Dar es Salaam. Tel: 022-2153321.
Activities:
Spiritual
counseling.
74.
African Network for the Prevention and Protection Against Child
Abuse and Neglect (T) – ANPPCAN), c/o P.O. Box
6270 Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Publising
of Newsltter.
75.
Mradi wa Kuthibiti UKIMWI Kilimanjaro Vijijini (MKUKI), P.O. Box
171, Himo, Moshi.
Activities:
Vocational
skills Training, Farming Projects and Orphan support.
76.
NGO – Technical AIDS Committee (NGO-TAC), P.O. Box 11318, Dar
es Salaam. Tel: 022-2153075.
Activities:
Capacity
Building, Trainings, Data Bank for NGOs, Seminars and Workshops, Public
Newsletter, advocacy and other technical support for Member NGOs.
77.
National Social welfare Training Institute (NSWTI), P.O. Box
3375, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Training,
Research, Counseling, Consultancy.
78.
Kikundi cha Wanawake Kilimanjaro Kupambana na UKIMWI (KIWAKKUKI),
P.O. Box 567, Moshi.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Training, Literacture, Counseling.
79.
Rukwa Association of NGOs (RANGO), P.O. Box 748, Sumbawanga.
Tel: 023-20637-22509.
Activities:
Training,
Counseling, Income Generation.
80.
Tanga AIDS Working Groups, P.O. Box 1374 Tanga, Tel:
027-244389/90
Activities:
Home
Based Care, Counseling, Peer Education and Condom Promotion.
81.
Tanzania Red Cross Society – Kagera Region, P.O. Box 860.
Tel:028-222299/220835/220354
Activities:
Training
of Personnel, Production of teaching material, research, First Aid and
Blood collection.
82.
Kagera Community Based Association for Child Welfare (KAOBAC),
P.O. Box 428, Bukoba. Tel:
028-222318.
Activities:
Information
(IEC), Evaluation and Workshops, Advocacy.
83.
Tanzania Girl Guide Association, P.O. Box 424, Dar es Salaam
Activities:
Campaign
and Seminars
84.
Tanzania Society for Aid to Accident Victims (CHAKUWAJALI), P.O.
Box 21806, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Training
and IEC.
85.
Tanzania Association of the Disabled (CHAWATA), P.O. Box 32485,
Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Seminars,
Advocacy, IEC
86.
Tanzania AIDS Management Training (TAMATA), P.O. Box 65003, Dar
es Salaam.
Activities:
Training
and Literature production.
87.
Tanzania Youth Development Association (TYDA), P.O. Box 22044,
Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Counseling,
Training of Trainers, IEC, Information Centre and Income Generation.
88.
Christian Council of Tanzania Conference and Training Centre (CCT-CTC),
P.O. Box 372, Dodoma.
89.
Faraja AIDS Support and Training Centre, c/o T.F. Ngalula, P.O.
Box 3375, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Home
Based Care, Orphans Support.
90.
Malezi Society of Singida, P.O. Box 701, Singida.
Tel: 022-20606-22075.
Activities:
Education,
Training, Income Generation.
91.
Malezi Society of Singida, P.O. Box 701, Singida.
Tel: 022-20606-22075
Activities:
Education,
Training, Income Generation.
92.
Kisukulu Small Farmers, P.O. Box 32063, Dar es Salaam
Activities:
Farming,
Technical Support, Education and Counseling.
93.
Bagamoyo Education and Development Foundation (BEDF), P.O. Box
6319, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2184827
94.
KIWAKKUKI – TUMAINI – Mwanga, P.O. Box 198, Mwanga,
Kilimanjaro.
Activities:
Information
centre, counseling Education (IEC) Home Based Care.
95.
Tanzania Association for Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation of
Offenders (TACARO), P.O. Box 8499, Dar es Salaam.
Tel: 022-2110146
Activities:
IEC,
Counseling, Advocacy
96.
Kinondoni District, Cluster, P.O. Box 7192, Dar es Salaam.
Tel: 022-2172454.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Counseling Training.
97.
Tanzania International Organization of Good Templars,
P.O. Box 6051, Dar es Salaam.
Activities:
Counseling,
Training Advocacy.
98.
World Vision Tanzania, P.O. Box 6070, Arusha.
Tel:027-28850/240079.
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Training.
99.
African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), P.O. Box 2773,
Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2116610.
Activities:
Advocacy,
Home Care, Research, Education, Counseling, Orphan Care, Service,
Behaviour Change, Income Generation, Capacity Building.
100.
Arusha Cluster HIV/AIDS Intervention (ACHAI), P.O. Box 12845,
Arusha
Activities:
Training
to Peer Education, Counseling, Education (IEC) and Orphan Support.
101.
Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT),
P.O. Box 23310, Dar es Salaam. Tel:
022-2151262/3
Activities:
Education
(IEC), Counseling, Legal aid, Orphan Support.
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